This book covers four areas of parallel computing: principles, technology, architecture, and programming. It is suitable for professionals and undergraduates taking courses in computer engineering, parallel processing, computer architecture, scaleable computers or distributed computing. It contains some systems architectures on which little literature has been written, such as SMP and NUMA multi-processors, clusters of computers, and scaleable supercomputers. There is also in-depth coverage of scalability and clustering of multiple computers and multiprocessor systems.