Since the time of Bacon, Galileo and Descartes, philosophers have identified strongly with the aims of natural science and the rationality of its methods. This is an in-depth study of scientism, the belief that science is the best and most important branch of learning. Although the text does not seek to denigrate science, it is critical of the scientistic tendency in philosophy and argues that the arts and humanities are undervalued. This book insists that philosophy is not science and condemns recent attempts in the name of "naturalism" to revive the project of scientific philosophy.