This text is useful as a reference for exercise science professionals and researchers, cognitive gerontologists, as well as health science and medical researchers or practitioners. This first volume in the "Aging, Exercise, and Cognition" series introduces the inter-relational effects of exercise, aging, and cognition. It focuses on what is known about the effects of exercise and an active life style on cognitive functioning among older adults, by extensively reviewing selected research on cognitive, neurobiological, and measurement issues. Experts specialising in different disciplines related to cognition and healthy aging provide cutting-edge analysis of current research, future directions in research and issues to address. They also assess the potential of intervention programmes and the implications on public policy making for older adults.