Recent research is leading to an ever-increasing range of investigative approaches whose aim is to achieve effective neuroprotective or neurorestorative treatment for individuals affected by Parkinson's disease. New directions under investigation reach beyond traditional pharmacological approaches to venture into innovative surgical methods, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and neurotransplantation. In this comprehensive volume, leading medical authorities provide state-of-the-art information on all aspects of Parkinson's disease. They cover the historical background, neuropathological and neurophysiological characteristics, epidemiological aspects, clinical features, current treatment approaches, and potential therapeutic methods. Novel models are included to simplify more complex concepts.